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“Description Without Place” by Wallace Stevens 🇺🇸 (2 Oct 1879 – 2 Aug 1955)
I.
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It is possible that to seem—it is to be,
As the sun is something seeming and it is.
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The sun is an example. What it seems
It is and in such seeming all things are.
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Thus things are like a seeming of the sun
Or like a seeming of the moon or night
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Or sleep. It was a queen that made it seem
By the illustrious nothing of her name.
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Her green mind made the world around her green.
The queen is an example … This green queen
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In the seeming of the summer of her sun
By her own seeming made the summer change.
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In the golden vacancy she came, and comes,
And seems to be on the saying of her name.
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Her time becomes again, as it became,
The crown and week-day coronal of her fame.
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II.
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Such seemings are the actual ones: the way
Things look each day, each morning, or the style
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Peculiar to the queen, this queen or that,
The lesser seeming original in the blind
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Forward of the eye that, in its backward, sees
The greater seeming of the major mind.
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An age is a manner collected from a queen.
An age is green or red. An age believes
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Or it denies. An age is solitude
Or a barricade against the singular man
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By the incalculably plural. Hence
Its identity is merely a thing that seems,
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In the seeming of an original in the eye,
In the major manner of a queen, the green
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The red, the blue, the argent queen. If not,
What subtlety would apparition have?
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In flat appearance we should be and be,
Except for delicate clinkings not explained.
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These are the actual seemings that we see,
Hear, feel and know. We feel and know them so.
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III.
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There are potential seemings, arrogant
To be, as on the youngest poet’s page,
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Or in the dark musician, listening
To hear more brightly the contriving chords.
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There are potential seemings turbulent
In the death of a soldier, like the utmost will,
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The more than human commonplace of blood,
The breath that gushes upward and is gone,
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And another breath emerging out of death,
That speaks for him such seemings as death gives.
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There might be, too, a change immenser than
A poet’s metaphors in which being would
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Come true, a point in the fire of music where
Dazzle yields to a clarity and we observe,
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And observing is completing and we are content,
In a world that shrinks to an immediate whole,
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That we do not need to understand, complete
Without secret arrangements of it in the mind.
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There might be in the curling-out of spring
A purple-leaping element that forth
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Would froth the whole heaven with its seeming-so,
The intentions of a mind as yet unknown,
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The spirit of one dwelling in a seed,
Itself that seed’s ripe, unpredictable fruit.
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Things are as they seemed to Calvin or to Anne
Of England, to Pablo Neruda in Ceylon,
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To Nietzsche in Basel, to Lenin by a lake.
But the integrations of the past are like
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A Museo Olimpico, so much
So little, our affair, which is the affair
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Of the possible: seemings that are to be,
Seemings that it is possible may be.
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IV.
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Nietzsche in Basel studied the deep pool
Of these discolorations, mastering
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The moving and the moving of their forms
In the much-mottled motion of blank time.
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His revery was the deepness of the pool,
The very pool, his thoughts the colored forms,
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The eccentric souvenirs of human shapes,
Wrapped in their seemings, crowd on curious crowd,
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In a kind of total affluence, all first,
All final, colors subjected in revery
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To an innate grandiose, an innate light,
The sun of Nietzsche gildering the pool,
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Yes: gildering the swarm-like manias
In perpetual revolution, round and round …
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Lenin on a bench beside a lake disturbed
The swans. He was not the man for swans.
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The slouch of his body and his look were not
In suavest keeping. The shoes, the clothes, the hat
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Suited the decadence of those silences,
In which he sat. All chariots were drowned. The swans
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Moved on the buried water where they lay.
Lenin took bread from his pocket, scattered it—
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The swans fled outward to remoter reaches,
As if they knew of distant beaches; and were
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Dissolved. The distances of space and time
Were one and swans far off were swans to come.
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The eye of Lenin kept the far-off shapes.
His mind raised up, down-drowned, the chariots.
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And reaches, beaches, tomorrow’s regions became
One thinking of apocalyptic legions.
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V.
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If seeming is description without place,
The spirit’s universe, then a summer’s day,
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Even the seeming of a summer’s day,
Is description without place. It is a sense
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To which we refer experience, a knowledge
Incognito, the column in the desert,
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On which the dove alights. Description is
Composed of a sight indifferent to the eye.
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It is an expectation, a desire,
A palm that rises up beyond the sea,
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A little different from reality:
The difference that we make in what we see
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And our memorials of that difference,
Sprinklings of bright particulars from the sky.
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The future is description without place,
The categorical predicate, the arc.
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It is a wizened starlight growing young,
In which old stars are planets of morning, fresh
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In the brilliantest descriptions of new day,
Before it comes, the just anticipation
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Of the appropriate creatures, jubilant,
The forms that are attentive in thin air.
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VI.
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Description is revelation. It is not
The thing described, nor false facsimile.
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It is an artificial thing that exists,
In its own seeming, plainly visible,
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Yet not too closely the double of our lives,
Intenser than any actual life could be,
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A text we should be born that we might read,
More explicit than the experience of sun
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And moon, the book of reconciliation,
Book of a concept only possible
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In description, canon central in itself,
The thesis of the plentifullest John.
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VII.
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Thus the theory of description matters most.
It is the theory of the word for those
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For whom the word is the making of the world,
The buzzing world and lisping firmament.
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It is a world of words to the end of it,
In which nothing solid is its solid self.
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As, men make themselves their speech: the hard hidalgo
Lives in the mountainous character of his speech;
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And in that mountainous mirror Spain acquires
The knowledge of Spain and of the hidalgo’s hat—
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A seeming of the Spaniard, a style of life,
The invention of a nation in a phrase,
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In a description hollowed out of hollow-bright,
The artificer of subjects still half night.
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It matters, because everything we say
Of the past is description without place, a cast
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Of the imagination, made in sound;
And because what we say of the future must portend,
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Be alive with its own seemings, seeming to be
Like rubies reddened by rubies reddening.